Introduction to the Uzbek Language

by Mark Dickens

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Pronunciation
Wordlist
Grammar

A. Pronunciation

 

Cyrillic	Latin	Pronunciation
À à	A a	"a" as in "cat"
Å å	Ye ye, E e	"ye" as in "yet" at the beginning of a word, "e" as in "let" elsewhere
¨ ¸	Yo yo	"ya" as in "yawn"
È è	I I	"i" as in "pin"
Î î	O o	"o" as in "pot"
Ð ð	R r	a "trilled r" (like in Scottish), or, between vowels, a "flapped r" (like "dd" in "ladder" in normal speech)
Ó ó	U u	"oo" as in "cool"
Õ õ	X x	"ch" as in German "Bach" or Scottish "loch"
Ý ý	E e	"e" as in "let"
Þ þ	Yu yu	"yu" as in "you"
ß ÿ	Ya ya	"ya" as in "yak"
Œ œ	O' o'	"u" as in "put" (also represents a second vowel in some dialects, similar to "au" as in "caught"
Š š	Q q	like a "k" but further back in the mouth
F 	G' g'	like a French "r" (voiced version of "x")

B. Wordlist

1. Pronouns

ìåí	men	I
ñåí	sen	you (singular, informal
ó	u	he/she/it, that
áó	bu	this
ñèç	siz	you (plural, formal)
áèç	biz	we
óëàð	ular	they

2. Adjectives

ÿõøè	yaxshi	good
çœð	zo'r	excellent
¸ìîí	yomon	bad
œðòà÷à	o'rtacha	in the middle
êàòòà	katta	big
êè÷êèíà	kichkina	small
ÿíãè	yangi	new
ýñêè	eski	old (thing)
¸ø	yosh	young
šàðè	qari	old (person)
êàñàë	kasal	sick
ñî	sog'	healthy
šèììàò	qimmat	expensive
àðçîí	arzon	cheap
èññèš	issiq	hot
ñîâóš	sovuq	cold
ñåêèí	sekin	slow
òåç	tez	fast
ÿšèí	yaqin	close
óçîš	uzoq	far
òœðè	to'g'ri	correct, straight
áîé	boy	rich
õóðñàíä	xursand	happy
÷èðîéëè	chiroyli	beautiful, good-looking
òîçà	toza	clean
òàé¸ð	tayyor	ready
øèðèí	shirin	sweet
êàì	kam	small, few, little
îçãèíà	ozgina	a little
êœï	ko'p	much, many
àð	har	each
àììà	hamma	all
áóòóí	butun	whole
å÷	hech	none
êœïðîš	ko'proq	more
êåðàê	kerak	necessary
ìóìêèí	mumkin	possible
œíã	o'ng	right
÷àï	chap	left
áîøšà	boshqa	other
ýíã	eng	most
šîðà	qora	black
îš	oq	white
ñàðèš	sariq	yellow
šèçèë	qizil	red
êœê	ko'k	blue

3. Numbers

áèð	bir	one
èêêè	ikki	two
ó÷	uch	three
òœðò	to'rt	four
áåø	besh	five
îëòè	olti	six
åòòè	yetti	seven
ñàêêèç	sakkiz	eight
òœššèç	to'qqiz	nine
ϒ	o'n	ten
éèãèðìà	yigirma	twenty
œòòèç	o'ttiz	thirty
šèðš	qirq	forty
ýëëèê	ellik	fifty
îëòìèø	oltmish	sixty
åòìèø	yetmish	seventy
ñàêñîí	sakson	eighty
òœšñîí	to'qson	ninety
þç	yuz	hundred
ìèíã	ming	thousand
ÿðèì	yarim	half

4. Adverbs

áó åðäà	bu yerda	here
ó åðäà	u yerda	there
îçèð	hozir	now, wait a minute
ýðòà	erta	early
êå÷	kech	late
êå÷à	kecha	yesterday
áóãóí	bugun	today
ýðòàãà	ertaga	tomorrow
áèðãà	birga	together
æóäà	juda	very
ôàšàò	faqat	only
ÿíà	yana	again
àëè	hali	still, yet

5. Question words

íèìà	nima	what
êèì	kim	who
šàåðäà	qayerda	where
šàåðãà	qayerga	where to
šàíè	qani	where (exactly)
šà÷îí	qachon	when
íèìàãà	nimaga	why
šàíäàé	qanday	how, what kind of
šàí÷à	qancha	how much, how many
íå÷à	necha	how much, how many
šàéñè	qaysi	which

6. Conjunctions

àãàð	agar	if
âà	va	and
¸êè	yoki	or
ëåêèí	lekin	but
÷óíêè	chunki	because
àì	ham	also

7. Postpositions

áèëàí	bilan	with
¸íèäà	yonida	beside
è÷èäà	ichida	inside
êåéèí	keyin	after
îëäèí	oldin	before
óñòèäà	ustida	on top of
ó÷óí	uchun	for
àšèäà	haqida	about

8. Verb stems

àéò-	ayt-	say
áåð-	ber-	give
áèë-	bil-	know (something)
áîð-	bor-	go
áœë-	bo'l-	be, become
ãàïèð-	gapir-	speak
äàì îë-	dam ol-	rest
äàðñ áåð-	dars ber-	teach (give lessons)
å-	ye-	eat
¸ç-	yoz-	write
¸ï-	yop-	close
¸ò-	yot-	lie down
è÷-	ich-	drink
èøîí-	ishon-	believe
êåë-	kel-	come
êåò-	ket-	go, leave
êèð-	kir-	enter
êóò-	kut-	wait
êœð-	ko'r-	see
îë-	ol-	take
îëèá áîð-	olib bor-	take (to someone)
îëèá êåë-	olib kel-	bring
î÷-	och-	open
ñîë-	sol-	put in
ñîò-	sot-	sell
ñîòèá îë-	sotib ol-	buy
òóð-	tur-	stand, live
òóøóí-	tushun-	understand
÷èš-	chiq-	exit, go out
ýøèò-	eshit-	listen
þâ-	yuv-	wash
þð-	yur-	walk
œðãàí-	o'rgan-	learn, study
Ϙ-	o't-	pass
œòèð-	o'tir-	sit down
šàéò-	qayt-	return
šèë-	qil-	do, make
šœé-	qo'y-	put

9. Nouns

à¸ë	ayol	woman
áàõò	baxt	happiness
áîëà	bola	child
áîçîð	bozor	outdoor market
âàšò	vaqt	time
ãœøò	go'sht	meat
äàðñ	dars	lesson
äåðàçà	deraza	window
äåâîð	devor	wall
äœêîí	do'kon	shop, store
äœñò	do'st	friend
åð	yer	ground
¸ðäàì	yordam	help
¸	yog'	butter, oil
æàâîá	javob	answer
èñì	ism	name
èø÷è	ishchi	worker
éèë	yil	year
êàëèò	kalit	key
êå÷šóðóí	kechqurun	evening
êèéèì	kiyim	clothing
êèòîá	kitob	book
êèøè	kishi	person
êóí	kun	day
êœ÷à	ko'cha	street
ìàêòàá	maktab	school
ìàøèíà	mashina	car
ìåâà	meva	fruit
ìåìîí	mehmon	guest
íàðñà	narsa	thing
íîí	non	bread
îâšàò	ovqat	food
îèëà	oila	family
îé	oy	moon, month
îíà	ona	mother
îòà	ota	father
îø	osh	food, rice pilaf
ïè¸ëà	piyola	cup
ïóë	pul	money
ðó÷êà	ruchka	pen
ñàâîë	savol	question
ñàáçàâîò	sabzavot	vegetable
ñîàò	soat	hour, watch, clock
ñòîë	stol	table
ñòóë	stul	chair
ñóâ	suv	water
ñóìêà	sumka	bag
ñóò	sut	milk
ñœç	so'z	word
òàëàáà	talaba	student
òóàëåò	tualet	toilet
òóç	tuz	salt
óé	uy	house
õîíà	xona	room
õîòèí	xotin	wife
Õóäî	Xudo	God
÷îé	choy	tea
øàêàð	shakar	sugar
øààð	shahar	city
ýð	er	husband
ýðêàê	erkak	man
ýðòàëàá	ertalab	morning
ýøèê	eshik	door
þðàê	yurak	heart
œšèòóâ÷è	o'qituvchi	teacher
œèë	o'g'il	son
šèç	qiz	daughter
šèøëîš	qishloq	village
šîøèš	qoshiq	spoon
šîîç	qog'oz	paper
šœøíè	qo'shni	neighbour
àôòà	hafta	week
îâëè	hovli	courtyard

10. Useful Words and Expressions

Aðçèìàéäè.	Arzimaydi.	You're welcome.
áîð	bor	existent, there is/are
Áó íèìà?	Bu nima?	What is this?
Áœïòè.	Bo'pti.	Okay, well.
èëòèìîñ	iltimos	please (request)
霚	yo'q	no, not, there is/are not
Kå÷èðàñèç.	Kechirasiz.	Excuse me.
Màéëè.	Mayli.	Well, all right
Màíà.	Mana.	Look, here.
ìàðàìàò	marhamat	please (offering)
Ìåíãà ¸šäè.	Mengayoqdi.	I like it.
Íå÷à ¸øäàñèç?	Necha yoshdasiz?	How old are you?
Îèëàíãèç áîðìè?	Oilangiz bormi?	Do you have a family?
ðàìàò	rahmat	thank you
Càëîì.	Salom.	Hello (literally, peace).
Ñèçãà ¸šäèìè?	Sizga yoqdimi?	Do you like it?
Ñîàò íå÷à?	Soat necha?	What time is it?
Xàéð.	Xayr.	Goodbye.
Õóø êåëèáñèç.	Xush kelibsiz.	Welcome.
Xϕ.	Xo'p.	Okay, very well.
ýìàñ	emas	not
ßõøèìèñèç?	Yaxshimisiz?	Are you well?
Šàåðäà èøëàéñèç?	Qayerda ishlaysiz?	Where do you work?
Šàåðäàíñèç?	Qayerdansiz?	Where are you from?
Šàëàéñèç?	Qalaysiz?	How are you?
Šà÷îí êåëèäèíãèç?	Qachon keldingiz?	When did you come?
à	ha	yes

C. Grammar

1. Word order is Subject-Object-Verb:

2. Adjectives come before nouns:

3. Adverbs come before verbs:

4. Question words are placed in the sentence where the answer will go:

5. Postpositions work like prepositions in English, except they come after the noun:

6. Endings to add to the verbstem to speak in the Present-Future Tense:

7. Endings to add to the verbstem to speak in the Past Tense:

8. To make a verb into a command:

9. To make a verb negative:

10. To make a verb into a “yes/no” question:

11. To ask a “yes/no” question with the verb “to be”:

12. To make a noun plural:

13. To express location at, movement towards or away from an object:

14. Endings to add to express possession: